Titan qattiqmi? Titan qanchalik qattiq?
Qattiqlik metall materiallarning mexanik xususiyatlarini baholash uchun eng ko'p ishlatiladigan ko'rsatkichlardan biridir. Qattiqlikning mohiyati materialning boshqa qattiqroq materialning bosimiga qarshilik ko'rsatish qobiliyatidir. U metallning ishlashini tekshirish, issiqlik bilan ishlov berish jarayoni sifatini nazorat qilish va yangi materiallarni ishlab chiqishda keng qo'llaniladi. Titan metallini qo'llash sohasi juda keng, aerokosmikdan tibbiy asbob-uskunalargacha, sport buyumlaridan zargarlik buyumlarigacha, deyarli hamma joyda. Xo'sh, titan qiyinmi? Titan qanchalik qattiq?
Darhaqiqat, qattiqlik materialning mustahkamligini o'lchashning yagona mezoni emas. Qattiqlik odatda materialning mahalliy bosim deformatsiyasiga, tirnash xususiyati yoki tirnalishga qarshi turish qobiliyatini anglatadi. Titan metallining qattiqligi po'lat yoki olmos kabi ba'zi boshqa metallar kabi yaxshi bo'lmasa-da, uning o'ziga xos mustahkamligi va qattiqligi unga noyob afzalliklarni beradi. GB/T 2965-2007, GJB2218A-2008 va GJB1538A-2008 kabi titanium va titanium qotishmalarining umumiy standartlarida qabul qilish mezoni sifatida qattiqlik ishlatilmaydi. Biroq, GJB2744A-2007 va GJB494A-2008 kabi yuqori talablarga ega bo'lgan dvigatel va zarb standartlarida qattiqlik qabul qilish asosi sifatida talab qilinadi, odatda Rokvell qattiqligi yoki Brinell qattiqligini tekshiradi.
Laboratoriya qattiqligidan namuna olish hajmi:
1.HRC (Rokvell qattiqligi)
Bar namunasi hajmi
d>25 PH25x20 yoki 25x25x20
d 25 diametrdan kichik yoki unga teng x20 (silindrsimon)
Plitka namunasi o'lchami
δ>20 PH25x20 yoki 25x25x20
d 20 PH25x plastinka qalinligi yoki 25x25x plastinka qalinligidan kam yoki unga teng
2.HB (Brinell qattiqligi)
Bar namunasi hajmi
d>40 PH40x20 yoki 40x40x20
d 40 diametrdan kichik yoki unga teng x20 (silindrsimon)
Plitka namunasi o'lchami
δ>40 PH40x20 yoki 40x40x20
d 40 PH40x plastinka qalinligi yoki 40x40x plastinka qalinligidan kam yoki unga teng
3.HV (Vickers qattiqligi)
Bar namunasi hajmi
d>20 PH20x20 yoki 20x20x20
d 20 diametrdan kichik yoki unga teng x20 (silindrsimon)
plastinka namunasi o'lchami
δ>20 PH20x20 yoki 20x20x20
d 20 PH20xplata qalinligi yoki 20x20xplata qalinligidan kam yoki unga teng
Odatda ishlatiladigan titanium va titanium qotishma qattiqlik jadvali
|
Ishlab chiqarish raqami |
Brend raqami |
Qattiqlik |
| 1 | TA0 | 120 HB |
| 2 | TA2 | 200 ~ 296 HB |
| 3 | TA7 | 277 ~ 286 HB |
| 4 | TA10 | 180 ~ 215 HB |
| 5 | TA11 | 275 ~ 313 HB |
| 6 | TA12 | 305 ~ 316 HB |
| 7 | TA13 | 305 ~ 316 HB |
| 8 | TA15 | 225 ~ 314 HB |
| 9 | TA18 |
15 ~ 17 HRC |
| 10 | TA19 | 309 HBS |
| 11 | Ti-55 | 33 ~ 34 HRC |
| 12 | TC1 | 210 ~ 215 HB |
| 13 | TC4 (Tavlanish holati) | 255 ~ 341 HB |
| TC4 (Eritmaning eskirish holati) | 293 ~ 361 HB | |
| 14 | TC6 | 285 ~ 340 HB |
| 15 | TC11 | 331 ~ 343 HB |
| 16 | TC16 (Tavlangan) | 230 ~ 280 HB |
|
TC16 (Vaqt cheklangan holat) |
340 ~ 370 HB |
|
| 17 | TC17 | 337 ~ 357 HB |
| 18 | TC18 | 310 ~ 360 HB |
| 19 | TC19 | 337 ~ 357 HB |
| 20 | TC21 | 36 ~ 43 HRC |
| 21 | TB3 (qattiq eritma) | 269 HB |
| TB3 (qarilik) | 395 HB | |
| 22 | TB6 | 335 ~ 375 HB |
| 23 | TB8 | 352 ~ 373 HB |
DIN50150 nemis standartiga muvofiq.
Quyida keng tarqalgan bo'lib foydalaniladigan po'latning kuchlanish kuchi va Vickers qattiqligi, Brinell qattiqligi va Rokvell qattiqligining taqqoslash jadvali keltirilgan:
| mustahkamlik chegarasi Rm(N/mm2) |
Vickers qattiqligi HV |
Brinell qattiqligi HB |
Rokvellning qattiqligi HRC |
| 250 | 80 | 76.0 | - |
| 270 | 85 | 80.7 | - |
| 285 | 90 | 85.2 | - |
| 305 | 95 | 90.2 | - |
| 320 | 100 | 95.0 | - |
| 335 | 105 | 99.8 | - |
| 350 | 110 | 105 | - |
| 370 | 115 | 109 | - |
| 380 | 120 | 114 | - |
| 400 | 125 | 119 | - |
| 415 | 130 | 124 | - |
| 430 | 135 | 128 | - |
| 450 | 140 | 133 | - |
| 465 | 145 | 138 | - |
| 480 | 150 | 143 | - |
| 490 | 155 | 147 | - |
| 510 | 160 | 152 | - |
| 530 | 165 | 156 | - |
| 545 | 170 | 162 | - |
| 560 | 175 | 166 | - |
| 575 | 180 | 171 | - |
| 595 | 185 | 176 | - |
| 610 | 190 | 181 | - |
| 625 | 195 | 185 | - |
| 640 | 200 | 190 | - |
| 660 | 205 | 195 | - |
| 675 | 210 | 199 | - |
| 690 | 215 | 204 | - |
| 705 | 220 | 209 | - |
| 720 | 225 | 214 | - |
| 740 | 230 | 219 | - |
| 755 | 235 | 223 | - |
| 770 | 240 | 228 | 20.3 |
| 785 | 245 | 233 | 21.3 |
| 800 | 250 | 238 | 22.2 |
| 820 | 255 | 242 | 23.1 |
| 835 | 260 | 247 | 24.0 |
| 850 | 265 | 252 | 24.8 |
| 865 | 270 | 257 | 25.6 |
| 880 | 275 | 261 | 26.4 |
| 900 | 280 | 266 | 27.1 |
| 915 | 285 | 271 | 27.8 |
| 930 | 290 | 276 | 28.5 |
| 950 | 295 | 280 | 29.2 |
| 965 | 300 | 285 | 29.8 |
| 995 | 310 | 295 | 31.0 |
| 1030 | 320 | 304 | 32.2 |
| 1060 | 330 | 314 | 33.3 |
| 1095 | 340 | 323 | 34.4 |
| 1125 | 350 | 333 | 35.5 |
| 1115 | 360 | 342 | 36.6 |
| 1190 | 370 | 352 | 37.7 |
| 1220 | 380 | 361 | 38.8 |
| 1255 | 390 | 371 | 39.8 |
| 1290 | 400 | 380 | 40.8 |
| 1320 | 410 | 390 | 41.8 |
| 1350 | 420 | 399 | 42.7 |
| 1385 | 430 | 409 | 43.6 |
| 1420 | 440 | 418 | 44.5 |
| 1455 | 450 | 428 | 45.3 |
| 1485 | 460 | 437 | 46.1 |
| 1520 | 470 | 447 | 46.9 |
| 1555 | 480 | (456) | 47.7 |
| 1595 | 490 | (466) | 48.4 |
| 1630 | 500 | (475) | 49.1 |
| 1665 | 510 | (485) | 49.8 |
| 1700 | 520 | (494) | 50.5 |
| 1740 | 530 | (504) | 51.1 |
| 1775 | 540 | (513) | 51.7 |
| 1810 | 550 | (523) | 52.3 |
| 1845 | 560 | (532) | 53.0 |
| 1880 | 570 | (542) | 53.6 |
| 1920 | 580 | (551) | 54.1 |
| 1955 | 590 | (561) | 54.7 |
| 1995 | 600 | (570) | 55.2 |
| 2030 | 610 | (580) | 55.7 |
| 2070 | 620 | (589) | 56.3 |
| 2105 | 630 | (599) | 56.8 |
| 2145 | 640 | (608) | 57.3 |
| 2180 | 650 | (618) | 57.8 |
| 660 | 58.3 | ||
| 670 | 58.8 | ||
| 680 | 59.2 | ||
| 690 | 59.7 | ||
| 700 | 60.1 | ||
| 720 | 61.0 | ||
| 740 | 61.8 | ||
| 760 | 62.5 | ||
| 780 | 63.3 | ||
| 800 | 64.0 | ||
| 820 | 64.7 | ||
| 840 | 65.3 | ||
| 860 | 65.9 | ||
| 880 | 66.4 | ||
| 900 | 67.0 | ||
| 920 | 67.5 | ||
| 940 | 68.0 |
Titan metallining qattiqligi asosan uning yuqori quvvati va mukammal mustahkamligida namoyon bo'ladi. Ushbu metall yaxshi elastiklikni saqlab, juda yuqori bosim va kuchlanishga bardosh bera oladi. Bu titan metallini yuqori samarali samolyotlar, kosmik kemalar va avtomobil qismlarini ishlab chiqarishda almashtirib bo'lmaydigan afzalliklarga ega qiladi.
